Dye Penetrant Testing, or Liquid Penetrant Testing is not only one of the oldest NDT methods, but it is also a very cost-effective method for locating surface breaking anomalies in ferrous, non-ferrous, ceramics, plastics, and non-porous materials. The dye can come in two different forms which includes visible (can come in a number of different colors) and fluorescent.
There are three major components to LPI, including a cleaner, penetrant dye, and a developer. Dyes can be applied via aerosol spray, dipping, or brushing while the cleaner and developer typically comes in aerosol form. Surface breaking flaws draw in the penetrant by a process called capillary action.
This step-by-step process includes: pre-cleaning of the surface, application of penetrant material, dwell time to allow penetrant to fill any potential anomalies, penetrant removal, application of developer, inspection/evaluation, and a post clean of the test object. PT is utilized, in most cases, to detect welding, casting, and forging defects, such as cracks, leaks, and fatigue in test objects.
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